
9            :
child   - 
children   - 
foot    - .
feet   -   ()
goose    - .
geese   - 
tooth    - .
teeth   - 
mouse    - .
mice   - 
louse    - .
lice   - 
man    - .
men   - 
woman  w  - .
women  w - ;
ox    - .
oxen   - 

6  ,          s.
many - .
several - .
such - .
a lot of - ,  -.
plenty of - .
a cappl of - , .

 -  (21 ). 
   ,     .
my -  - .
your -  - , .
his -  - .
her -  - .
its -  - , .
our -  - .
their -  - .
no -  - , , .
any -  - ,  .
this -  - .
that -  - .
every -  - .
each -  - .
some -  - , -, , .
such a -   - .
such  -  - .
these -  - .
those -  - .
an -  - .
a -  - .
the -  -  ,  .

 .
my -  - 
our -  - .
your -  - , .
his -  - .
her -  - .
its -  - .
their -  - .

 .
me -  - .
us -  - .
your -  - , .
him -  - .
her -  - .
them -  - .

  he, she, it, who      s,  have   has?  do -  does.

         ,   s   .
 my dog backs,
 my dogs back..

  to  ,      "".
 to     .
      to.
To   "".
I work to study -  ,  .

    have   had.

,  :
tomorrow -  - .
the day after tomorrow - .
next day, next week, next year   .

  s      :
tax -  - .
taxs -  - .
fix -  - .
he fixs -   -  .

 s,   ,   .
Mc Donald's

3  :
1.         ( ).
   ,      .
   " ",   "   ".
   " ",   "  ".
   " ",   "  ", "  .

    (13 ).
 ,        to.

can -  - , .
my dog can tear you a part -       .
I can swim -   .

could -  - , , , ,  ,  ,  ,  .
I could swim -   ,   ,    .
I could buy new red cars every year, if I had rich friends - 
        ,       .
I could swim this distance -      .

May -  - , , .
(  ,    ).
I may -  ,  .
My dog may -   .
I may swim -   .

Might -  - , ,  .
He might come -   ; , , .
It might happen -   ; , , .

Must -  -  (- ).
I must leave -    -   .
She must leave -   .

ought to -   - ,  ( ).
She ought to play in the garden -      .
      .
You ought to change your stocking -      .

Will -  ( )  .
We will work every day -     .
He will write -   .
He will write five novels -   5 .

Shall -  -        .
I shall love you all my life -      .
I shall love you till the end of my life -        .
Shall     "" (  lets).
Shall we dance -  .
Shall we go to the theater -    .

Would -  - ,  
I would buy new red cars every year, if I could afoot it - 
       ,      .

Should -  -   , ,  .
He should come tomorrow -      .
I should leave tomorrow -      .
He should visit his own parents every sunday - 
        .
       .
own -  - .
He loves his own wife -    .
You should wash your feet -     .

Needn't -  -  ,  .
He needn't buy this car -      .
She needn't pay her taxs -     .
    .
She needn't pay any taxs -      .
   any  "".

'd better - .
I'd better leave than stay -   ,  .

'd rather ... than   ...  -   .
I'd rather leave than stay -   ,  .

I should want to leave this place -        ( ).
Cannot -  -  ,   (   ).
I cannot write -    ,    .
She cannot count -    ,    .
Cann't -  -  ,  .
I cann't help you -     .
Cann't -  -    ,  ,   .

 not  ,    ,  - .
I could not pay her -     ,   not.
I could not buy her -     ,   not.  .
Couldn't -  -  ,  .  .   .
I couldn't fulfil this mission -      .   .
I couldn't fulfil this work -    ( )   .
I may not eat these nuts -     .
     .
He may not come here -    .

It might not happen -    .
She must not leave -     ().
She oughtn't to play there -      .
I will not go -   .
I will not come -   .
I will not come to you -     .
Will not    "".
We shall not come here -    .
   "" ("" ).
I would not pay her -     ,      .
I would not pay her, if I were you - 
    ,      ,     .
Wouldn't -    "    ".
She wouldn't cook -       .
I wouldn't be there -       ,    .
I wouldn't even try - 
      ().

I wouldn't even try to eat this rabbit - 
        .
I would eat this rabbit -     .
Would     "".
I often meet people, who would ask me -    ,    .
as lightly as possable I would respone -      .
She should not come here alone -        .

  .
       .
     - .
Can I swim? -   ?
Cannot I swim? -    ?
Can I go? -   ?
Yes, you can - ,   (  ).
No, you cannot - ,  (  ).
 :  ,   .
Could you give me some money? -        ?
I could give him some money -       .
Could I give him some money? -       ?
Could you help him? -     ?
May it happen? -   ?
Must I leave you? -    ?
I will come to you every day -       .
Will I come to you every day? -       .
Will you come to me every day? -       ?
I would go there -    .
Would I go there? -    ?
I should be there -     .
should I be there? -     ?
I needn't go -    .
needn't I go? -     ?

         .
now    =  , 
today  ,  = 
generally   = 
usually  = 
always w = 
as a rule    =  
nowadays      =      
     every ...(+ minute,  day, week,  month, Sunday, year)
       w   
:    ,  , , , , 
tomorrow -  - .
The day after tomorrow - .
Next day -   .
I leave tomorrow -   .
Christmas -  - .
arrive -  - .
This ship arrives next week -      .
Weekend - .
I work to study -  ,  .
I stude to live -  ,  .
He works to study -  ,  .
I buy -   -  .
very many -   -  .
new english books -   .
and magazines -   -  .
every month -   -  .
because -  -  .
I want -  .
to know -   - .
everything -  - .
I want to know everything -    .
I buy very many new english books and magazines every month, because I want to know everything - 
          ,      .
These books -   -  .
help me -   -  .
very much -   -  .
These books help me very much -      .
I have -   -  .
no good friends -   .
here -  - .
I have no good friends here -      .
since -  - .
all my old friends -    .
   .
live in different places -    .
I have no good friends here, since all my old friends live in different places - 
     ,         .

 s  ,    .
 s  ,   ""  "".
tax -  - .
taxs -  - .
to fix - , .
he fixs -   -  .

  S      .
my mother's flat -    -   .
Lena's hair -   -  ,  .
my father's caar -   .
bretan's bankers' forin policy -    ,    .
our girls' eyes -    -   ,   .

     .
3   do, does  did.
    .
I read english books -    .
I do read english books -      .
He reads english books -    .
He does read english books -     
He did read english books -      .
She did know me -     .
We did eat fish -     .

     .
       "".
 4  : do, does, did, will.
Do you eat fish? -   ?    ?
You speak english -   -.
Do you speak english? -    -?
he speaks english -   -.
does he speak english? -    -?
did you speak english? -   -?
I will come to her -    .
will I come to her? -     ?

    4 : don't, doesn't, didn't, wount.
I don't speak english -    -.
he doesn't read this book -     .
I didn't know -   .
wount -  -     .
I come to him -    .
I don't come to him -     .
I wount come to him -     .
She wount come to me -     .
They wount pay back -   .

 .
Give me this book -    .
Buy me that fur-coat, darling -    , .
   , .
read - .
bring - .
give - .
count - .
write - .
do write -    .
do Buy me that fur-coat, darling -      , .
don't smoke -  .
do pay -   .
don't pay -  .

   .
  (can, must, might  ..) -  ,      .
don't can  .
  cannot.
do you must   .
  must you.
  she doesn't must.
  she must not.
  do you can?
  can you?

 .
             .
Why gambl -   -    ( )?
why study? -   -   ?

 8 ,         to  .
     .
Make -  -   -  (  ).
 Make    "".
don't make me cry -    .
he makes me cry -    .
She makes me suffer -    .
Let - , , .
 let    ,   .
let him go -   ,   ,   ,   .
6   .
See - .
hear - .
feel - .
notice -  - .
abserve -  - .
watch -  -  .
I watch her every day -     ( )  .
every day I hear him snore -    ,   .
we often see her hide something -   ,   - .
I feel her touch my shoulder -  ,     .

 any.
    "-".
    "".
       (  ,     )   .
You have some money -     .
do you have any money? -     - ?
did he have any money? -      - ?
I have no money -     .
I don't have money -    .
I don't have any money -     .
 no    don't any (doesn't any, didn't any, wount any).
 ( )        any.
I don't read any books -     .
I can read any english book -      .
I cannot read any english book -       .
can you give me any money? -      - ?

       to.
I eat to live -  ,  .
    " "     ""   to (him to).
i want him to eat this fish -  ,     .
she wants him to come -  ,   .
we want them to read us this book -  ,      .
 .
  - me to.
  - you to.
  - him to.
  - her to.
  - it to.
  - us to.
  - them to.
     .

    " ", " ", " ".
she wants me to leave -  ,   .
I think him to leave -  ,   .
she thinks me to leave -  ,   .

23    .
who -  - ?
whom -  - ?
who -  - ?
whose -  - ?
where -  - ? 
where -  - ?
where from -   - ?
what -  - , , ?
what for -   - ,  ,  ?
in what way -    -  ? ?
which of -   -  ,  ?
what kind of -    -  ?  ?
what colour -   -  ?
when -  - ?
why -  - , ?
how -  - ?
how come -   -   ?
how long -   -  ?
how many -   - ?
how much -   - ?
how often -   -  ?
ever -  -?  ?

when must she come? -    ?
how do you do? -  ?
 do     , .
a camel can do two weeks without water -       .
how long can a camel do without water? -       ?
who loves you? -   ?
  .   "" (who)     do, does. 
   Who does love you?
what did you do yesterday? -    ?
who came yesterday? -   ?

can  will -  -     .
    " "?  I will can .
I will must   .
     needn't   need.
I needn't leave -    .
I don't need to leave -    .
he needn't leave -    .
he doesn't need to leave -    .
he didn't need to leave -     .
    needn't   -    need   .
he wount need to leave -      -   .
he will need to leave -     -  .
 can, may  must      .

 .
  .
       .
 be  5   : am, are, is, was, were.
,   2 :    (   -   ).   .
I am in the forest -  -   (   ).
I am clever -  -  (  ).
you are in the forest -    .
you are clever -   ,  - .
we are rich -   (  ).
they are poor -    -   (  ).
My dogs are very big -     ( ).
he is clever -   ( ).
she is beautifull -   ( ).
it is big -   (,  ).
my dog is in the forest -     (  ).
we were poor -    ( ).
we were in the forest -     (  ).
I was in the yard  -     (  ).
he was in the yard -     (  ).
I will be there -    (   ).
I will be  rich -    (   ).
I will be in the yard -     (    ).
I will be very clever -     (   ).

      can, may  must?
can   be able to "  ".
I can write -   .
I am able to write -    (    )
you can write -   .
you are able to write -    (    ).
he can write -   .
he is able to write -    (    ).
I could write -   .
I was able to write -    (   ).
we could write -   ,    .
we were able to write -    (   ).
   will can  .
I will be able to write -    (   ).

may   be allowed to ( ).
I may swim -   .
I am allowed to swim -   ,   .
you may swim -   .
you are allowed to swim -   .
he may swim -   .
he is allowed to swim -   .
         .
   be  .
I was may  .
I was allowed to swim -     ( ).
I was not allowed to swim -     ( ).
we were allowed to swim -    .
we were not allowed to swim -    .

I am a soldier -   ( ).
I am not a soldier -    (  ).
you are a student -   ( ).
you are not a student -    (  ).
he is a teacher -   ( ).
he is not a teacher -    (  ).
    -   .
I am no teacher -    .
he is no teacher -  -    .
you are no teacher -    .
"no a teacher"  ,    no,  a -  ,   .
.
I may -  .
I am allowed to -  ,  ,  .
will  may   ,     .
I will may  .
I will be allowed to swim -     ( ).
I will not be allowed to swim -     (  ).
i wount be allowed to swim -     (  ).

 must   2 :   have to ()
I must go -   .
he must go -   .
  -      .
I have -   .
he has -   .
he had -   .
he will have -   ,   .
     have  to,  have    "".
      .
I must buy this -    . 
 . Have to  .
I have to buy this -    .
he must buy this -    .
he has to buy this -    .
I had to buy this -      ( ).
I had to do this -      ( ).
he had to do this -     .
 . Will must  .
I will have to leave tomorrow -     (  ).
he will have to buy this car -      (   ).
 . I musted  .
I had to buy this car -       (  ).
he had to buy this car -       (  ).
  must     be to.
  be ,  ,  :
I am to go -   .
I was to go -    .
I will be to go -    .
Have to  ,    . ,   ,        .
Be to   . ,  "   ?",   ,  .
what am I to do? -     ( )?
     havn't, hasn't.
I haven't to go -    .
he hasn't to go -    .
he hadn't to go -     ,    .
    .
I don't have to leave -    .
he doesn't have to leave -    .
he didn't have to leave -     .
he wount have to leave -     .

  .
  ""  "".
paint - , .
he paints -  , 
 ""    .
  ""     ,    "".
painted -   .
count -  - .
counted -  -   .
    ed    .
painted - .
I painted this wall -    .
a painted wall -  .
they painted me -   (  ).
I was painted -  ,   .
I am painted -  ,  .
I will be painted -  ,    (  ).
he is painted -  ,   ( ).
you are painted -   ( ).
 being ,       ,    .
I was painted -  ,   .
I was being painted -   .
I will be painted -  ,   .
I will be being painted -    .
   ,    . Be  being   .
I am being painted -   (   ).
he is being painted now -    (   ).
yesterday from three to five he was being painted -       .
yesterday he was painted -    ( -  ).
we were being painted -   (    ).
we were painted -   ( -  ).
   being   "".
this book was writen -    .
this book was being writen three years -    3 .

   3 ,  4  .
1.   (  "").
  ,        -  .
yesterday - .
the day before yesterday - .
last - .
last month -   .
last week -   .
last sunday -   .
last year -   .
five years ago - 5  .
      :
   ed   ;
      .;
   was  were    ;
   have, has  had    .
every day I buy herring -     .
yesterday I ate that fish -     .
tomorrow I will eat that fish -     .

  ing     (  - ).
 ing  3 .
1. .
eating - .
runing - .
drinking - .
counting - .
2.     .
drinking - .
eating - .
smoking - .
writing -  - .
shooting - .
riding -  - .
3.   .
writing - .
swiming - , .
painting - .
standing - .
going - .
conducting - .
conducted - .
a writing man -  .
a reading woman -  .
a counting guy -  .
a dancing girl -  .

   -   ""  "".
 ,     -  .
yesterday I wrote a book -    .
yesterday from two to five I was writing a book -   2  5   .
I am writing -  ,   .
you are writing -  ,   .
he is writing -  ,   .
I was writing -  ,   .
we were writing -  ,   .
we will be writing -   ,   .
    .
   (, , ).
   .
tomorrow from 3 to 5 I will be reating a magazine -   3  5    .
all day long -  .
he was busy, sick and haiting -   ,   .
yesterday I was reading all day long -      ( ).
I am teaching now -  ( )  .
tomorrow I will be reading all day long -       (  ).

  -  .
 ,        ,   .
     "", ""  "" (-  by),   .
tomorrow by 5 o'clock I will have read this book -   5     .
  5       .
tomorrow by 5 o'clock I will have cooked this soup -   5     .
     .
yesterday by 5 o'clock I had cooked this soup -   5     .
    .
by today I have allready written 5 books -       5 .
    5 .
I have lived in this house allready 5 years -       5 .
      5 .
       5 .
by five's september 2010 I will have lived in this house allready 5 years - 
 5  2010        5 .
        5 .
by December 5 I will allready lived in this house 5 years -  5        5 .
by 2002 I had lived in this house allready 5 years -  2002        5 .
I have allready bought 